Days from now, the bill for the revised Human Fertilisation and Embryology act will be finally get its verdict whether to permit or ban the controversial human/animal embryo. But that’s not all, the revised Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill also contains issue such as allowing ’savior siblings’, the need for fatherless figure and as a sidenote to cut down the abortion decision from 24 weeks to 20 weeks.
What is legal and what is not
Currently, all people who are in UK is bound by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990). This provide a strict guidelines on areas such as in-vitro fertilization, abortion and most importantly - research!
Basically in the act, it prohibits the storage of any embryo longer than 14 days and it also prohibits the implantation of animal embryo to human and vice versa. Granting of a license (and thereby, allowing you to carry out the research) is governed by the Human Fertilisation and Embryo Authority. They are tasked to assess research proposals and making sure that those granted with licensed will be strictly follow the guidelines.
This hullabaloo started when a proposal was given to HFEA, dealing with usage of animal egg cell and human genetic material mixed together to create a hybrid stem cell. Certainly, the act do not cover such act but it raises many questions, which provoke the bill to be passed.
Hybrids and chimera
Before we proceed, it is important to make a clear cut of using the word - hybrid and chimera.
Hybrids are the result of breeding of two species of different taxa. This can be done between species of different sub-species, which is known as intra-species hybridization or between species within the same genera, which is known as interspecies hybridization. It is also possible to get a cross between two species of different genera, which is known as intergeneric hybridization. In rare occasion, we can also interfamilial hybrids. Basically, a hybrid requires a male and a female in order to be created. In most occasion, the resulting organism from hybridization is sterile due to failure to create a viable gametes.
Chimera, on the other hand, is a mixture of two genetically distinct zygote. Clearly, this is different from hybrids as it can happen between species of the same taxa. For instance, when a woman is destined to born twins but at rare occasion, these two zygotes can fused together and producing only one offspring. In the process of fusion, there could be a problem. If the zygotes have different sexes, the fusion could lead to form an individual with two sets of genes, a male-specific and female-specific; thus forming a hermaphrodite. If the zygotes have the same sex, then that should be alright.
I would not really quantify the animal/human mixed together to form an embryo as hybrid. Since it doesn’t really entail the use of a male of different taxa to create an offspring from a female of another taxa. Read the rest of this entry »